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Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 8(2): 171-176, set. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-722883

ABSTRACT

Dado los altos índices de obesidad es necesario recopilar información actualizada para orientar nuevos programas preventivos, según el nivel de riesgo, en etapas más temprana del desarrollo humano y adolescencia, siendo éstos capaces de captar e integrar nuevos estilos de vida saludables. El objetivo fue evaluar el estado nutricional en adolescentes de 17 años de establecimientos educacionales de Florida y ver su relación con el índice COPD. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de diseño transversal. Se examinaron 86 estudiantes mediante una encuesta previamente validada, de recordatorio de ingesta alimenticia de las últimas 24 horas, la cual se aplicó en tres ocasiones, además se cuantificó el peso y la talla individual. Se obtuvieron datos acerca de ruralidad, urbanidad y sexo. Se aplicó un examen buco dentario, bajo las normas dela OMS, para determinar historia de caries (índice COPD). Se encontró un 2% de los jóvenes con bajo peso, 58% normales y 40% obesos, con una tasa de obesidad mayor en las mujeres, con diferencias significativas. En cuanto al origen urbano/rural se observa una distribución homogénea, donde las diferencias observadas no tuvieron significancia estadística. En relación al índice COPD, los hombres obtuvieron un 8,87 y las mujeres 9,28, habiendo diferencias significativas entre ellos. No se encontró asociación estadística entre COPD y estado nutricional. Los jóvenes de 17 años de los establecimientos educacionales de Florida presentan un mal estado nutricional, reflejado en el alto porcentaje de obesos y un muy alto nivel de historia de caries, según la OMS.


Given the high rates of childhood obesity, it is necessary to collect current information to guide new prevention programs in earlier stages of adolescent development. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the nutritional status of 17-year-old adolescents of educational establishments in Florida, eighth region, Chile, and its relation with dental caries prevalence in permanent dentition (COPD). A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 86 students, using a previously validated survey, about the dietary intake of the last 24 hours, which was applied three times; weight and height were also considered. During an interview information was obtained about sex, rural and urban background. Finally a dental examination of the history of decay was applied (COPD index, in Spanish). Test materials used were masks, latex gloves, and stadiometer calibrated weight and height rod. According to the nutritional status, 2% of adolescents were underweight, 58% had a normal weight and 40% were obese, the rate of obesity is higher in women in proportion to men, where nearly 50% of cases were in obese condition and were statistically significant. Moreover, a homogeneous distribution was observed, regardless of where they came from (rural or urban conditions). In relation to COPD index, an 8.87 in male and 9.28 in female were obtained with no significant differences between men and women. In addition, there was no statistical significance on COPD in relation to the nutritional status. It was observed that 17-year-old adolescents from Florida´s educational establishments present a nutritional deficit status reflected in high obese percentages, which according to WHO, was also related to a significant history of decay.

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